When it comes to eye health, cataract and glaucoma are two of the most common conditions affecting older adults—but they are very different in terms of cause, symptoms, and treatment. While both can lead to vision impairment, they require different management approaches and carry very different long-term outcomes if left untreated.
At Vision Clinic Sydney, we frequently see patients concerned about vision changes related to ageing. This article explains the difference between cataract and glaucoma, how to recognise the symptoms of each, and the treatment options available to protect your sight.
What is the Difference Between Cataract and Glaucoma?
The key difference between cataract and glaucoma lies in what part of the eye is affected and how vision is impacted.
Cataracts occur when the eye’s natural lens becomes cloudy, usually due to age-related changes. This cloudiness reduces the amount of light that can pass through, resulting in blurred or hazy vision.
Glaucoma refers to a group of conditions that cause damage to the optic nerve, often due to increased intraocular pressure (IOP). This nerve damage can lead to permanent vision loss, often beginning with the loss of peripheral vision.
What Are the Symptoms of Cataracts and Glaucoma?
Recognising the symptoms early is essential for effective treatment. Here’s a comparison of what the symptoms of cataracts and glaucoma are:
Cataract Symptoms
- Cloudy or blurred vision
- Difficulty seeing at night
- Sensitivity to light and glare
- Seeing halos around lights
- Faded colours
- Frequent changes in glasses prescription
Glaucoma Symptoms
- Gradual loss of peripheral (side) vision
- Blurred or narrowed vision (especially in later stages)
- Halos around lights
- Eye pain or pressure (especially in angle-closure glaucoma)
- Redness or discomfort in the eyes
- Headaches or nausea (with sudden pressure spikes)
In many cases, glaucoma symptoms may not be noticeable in the early stages, which is why regular eye exams are crucial—particularly for those over 40 or with a family history of glaucoma.
Cataract vs. Glaucoma: Causes and Risk Factors
Cataracts
- Most commonly related to ageing
- Can also result from eye injury, UV exposure, steroid use, or genetic conditions
- Develops slowly over time
Glaucoma
- Caused by elevated intraocular pressure damaging the optic nerve
- Risk factors include family history, age, diabetes, thin corneas, and eye trauma
- Progresses silently in early stages
How Are Cataracts and Glaucoma Treated?
Cataract Treatment
Cataracts are treated with cataract surgery, a safe and highly effective procedure where the clouded lens is replaced with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL). At Vision Clinic Sydney, we use precise diagnostic tools to select the best IOL and achieve excellent visual outcomes.
Recovery is typically quick, and many patients experience immediate improvement in vision.
Glaucoma Treatment
There is no cure for glaucoma, but its progression can be managed to prevent further vision loss.
Treatments include:
- Prescription eye drops to lower intraocular pressure
- Oral medications
- Laser treatments, such as Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT)
- Surgical procedures, including Microincisional Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS) or trabeculectomy in more advanced cases
Can You Have Both Cataracts and Glaucoma?
Yes—it’s possible to have both conditions simultaneously, particularly in older adults. In such cases, treatment planning becomes especially important.
For example, cataract surgery may be coordinated with MIGS procedures to address both conditions at once. A thorough eye examination will help determine the best approach.
Why Does Early Detection Matter?
While cataracts typically progress slowly and can be treated effectively with surgery, glaucoma often causes permanent vision loss if not managed early.
Regular eye check-ups with a trusted provider like Vision Clinic Sydney can detect both conditions before serious damage occurs.
How To Book an Assessment
To request an appointment or if you have an enquiry, please contact us via the following ways:
Call or message us: +6129 222 9188
Email us: reception@visionclinicsydney.com.au
Book online via our website.
FAQs
What is the difference between cataract and glaucoma?
The main difference lies in what part of the eye is affected. Cataracts occur when the eye’s natural lens becomes cloudy, reducing light transmission and causing blurred vision. Glaucoma, on the other hand, involves damage to the optic nerve, often due to increased intraocular pressure, which can lead to permanent vision loss if untreated.
What are the symptoms of cataracts and glaucoma?
Cataract symptoms include cloudy or blurry vision, glare sensitivity, faded colours, and frequent changes in glasses prescription. Glaucoma symptoms often start with peripheral vision loss, halos around lights, and in some cases, eye pain or pressure. Glaucoma can progress without noticeable symptoms early on, making regular eye exams essential.
How are cataracts treated?
Cataracts are treated surgically by removing the clouded natural lens and replacing it with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL). Cataract surgery is generally safe, effective, and offers quick recovery. At Vision Clinic Sydney, we use precise diagnostic tools to guide IOL selection and ensure the best visual outcomes for each patient.
How is glaucoma managed?
Glaucoma treatment focuses on reducing intraocular pressure to prevent further optic nerve damage. This can be achieved with prescription eye drops, oral medications, laser therapy (such as SLT), or surgical procedures like MIGS or trabeculectomy. The choice of treatment depends on the type and severity of the condition.
Can you have both cataracts and glaucoma?
Yes, it’s possible to have both conditions, especially in older adults. In such cases, treatment may involve a combination of cataract surgery and glaucoma management, such as laser therapy or minimally invasive procedures. The team at Vision Clinic Sydney can create a tailored plan to manage both conditions effectively and protect your vision.
General Information Disclaimer: The content provided here is for informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your health professional with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. The information on this site is general in nature and may not reflect current medical developments or research. Your reliance on any information provided by this site is solely at your own risk.
